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1. Judge selection delay not advisable, says SC - Page No.1, GS 2
2. Claudia Goldin wins 2023 Economics - Page No.1, GS 3
3. The silence around the state's seizure of India's press - Page No.6, GS 2
4. Mental health and the floundering informal worker - Page No.6 , GS 3
5. The end of the two-state solution - Page No.7, GS 2
6. Urban unemplovment rate drops to 6.6% in Q1 - Page No. 12 . GS 3

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Judge selection delay not advisable, says SC - Page No.1, GS 2

• The Supreme Court on Monday said it may not be "advisable" to hold up the entire judicial appointment process and insist that the government first clear names earlier recommended or reiterated by the Supreme Court Collegium.
• Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul said there is, at times, a lot of back and forth between the Collegium and the government during the appointment process. This may include additional inputs from the government, who may continue to have reservations about names recommended or even reiterated by the Collegium

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Claudia Goldin wins 2023 Economics - Page No.1, GS 3

• The Nobel Prize for economics was awarded to Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin on Monday for her research that has advanced the understanding of the gender gap in the labour market
• Ms. Goldin is just the third woman to win the prize out of 93 economics laureates.
• She has studied 200 years of women's participation in the workplace, showing that despite continued economic growth, women's pay did not continuously catch up to men's and a divide still exists despite women gaining higher levels of education than men.
• Goldin's research does not offer solutions, but it allows policymakers to tackle the entrenched problem, said economist Randi Hjalmarsson, a member of the Nobel committee.
• In Ms. Goldin's analysis, a woman's role in the job market and the pay she receives aren't influenced just by broad social and economic changes. They also are determined partly by her individual decisions about, for example, how much education to get.
• Often young girls make decisions about future work by looking at their own mother's participation, each generation "learning from the successes and failures of the preceding generation," Ms. Hjalmarsson said.
• The process of evaluating prospects as times change "helps explain why change in labour market gender gaps has been so slow." she said.

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The silence around the state's seizure of India's press - Page No.6, GS 2

• India ranks 161 out of 180 countries in the World Press Freedom Index, which considers "legal interference" in journalism.
• The Lokniti-CSDS-Common Cause 'Status of Policing in India' report shows that 47% believe that the police can access their phones without consent.
• Protection against self-incrimination, as stated in Part III and Article 20(3) of the Constitution
• ADM Jabalpur Case, also known as the Habeas Corpus case, is about the Supreme Court of India's landmark verdict during the Emergency that put the State's interest over personal liberty. This case was widely crit for threatening the fundamental rights of the Indian Constitution.
• In a bench of five judges of the high court, only Justice Hans Raj knanna opposed the ADM Jabalour Case
• The ADM Jabalpur Case was overruled on the grounds concerning the rights of Justice K.S. Puttuswamy, and Anr. vs Union Of India And Ors. The Supreme Court held that the right to life and personal liberty is inviolable, even during a state of emergency.
• Article 20(3) - 'No person accused of an offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself'.

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Mental health and the floundering informal worker - Page No.6 , GS 3

• The theme of World Mental Health Day (October 10) this year is 'mental health as a universal human right.
• A study by the International Labour Organization (ILO) says that 15% of working-age adults, globally, live with a mental disorder.
• On one hand, decent work influences mental health in a positive way while on the other, unemployment, or unstable or precarious employment, workplace discrimination, or poor and particularly unsafe working environments, can all pose a risk to a worker's mental health.
• Workers in low-paid, unrewarding or insecure jobs, or working in isolation, are more likely to be exposed to psychosocial risks, thus compromising their mental health.
• India's informal workforce accounts for more than 90% of the working population.
• These workers often operate without regulatory protection, work in unsafe working environments, endure long hours, have little access to social or financial protections, suffer high uncertainty and deep precarity, and face discrimination - all of which further undermine mental health and limit access to mental health care.
• According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), unemployment and poor-quality employment have consistently been detrimental to mental health.
• Informal workers face mental distress due to accumulating debt and rising health- care costs, which are intertwined and mutually reinforcing.
• There is an urgent need for proactive policies to improve mental health recognition and action.
• This is critical in upholding the basic human right to good health, including mental health, and in advancing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 3 on 'good health and well-being' and SDG 8 on 'decent work for all/economic growth'.

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The end of the two-state solution - Page No.7, GS 2

• From the very beginning of the Jewish-Arab conflict, the only viable long- term solution has been to divide the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea by creating two countries for two people.
• Both the Arabs and Jews have had strong self-conceptions of nationhood tied to the same land - self-conceptions that did not reckon for the other.
• From a position of justice, one could argue that the only two stakeholders who should matter are the Palestinian and Israeli people.

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Urban unemplovment rate drops to 6.6% in Q1 - Page No. 12 . GS 3

Definitions -

• Labour Force Participation Rate: It is the percentage of people in the labour force (those who are working or seeking or available for work) in the population.
• Unemployment Rate (UR): UR is defined as the percentage of persons unemployed among the persons in the labour force.
• Worker Population Ratio (WR): WR is defined as the percentage of employed persons in the population.
• Activity Status- Usual Status: The activity status of a person is determined on the basis of the activities pursued by the person during the specified reference period. When the activity status is determined on the basis of the reference period of the last 365 days preceding the date of survey, it is known as the usual activity status of the person.
• Activity Status- Current Weekly Status (cWS): The activity status determined on the basisof a reference period of the last 7 days preceding the date of survey is known as the current weekly status (cWS) of the person.

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